26/12/2010The ball in the court of Iraq
آليات التحول الكبير The Great Transformation mechanisms
Centric settlement to end two decades of international sanctions on Iraq that were revealed by the three resolutions adopted by the UN Security Council in the middle of last month, about downloading Iraq responsible for resolving the consequences of two cases left behind by the Security Council, outstanding and are the final settlement of a compensation and the border with Kuwait, and the arrangements for the closure « Development Fund for Iraq »includes solving the problems of lifting the immunity from Iraqi funds in U.S. banks by August (August) next year.
Regardless of the value of legal decisions of the three, and the statement of the President of the UN Security Council welcomed the progress made by Iraq in compliance with international law and the different situation in Iraq now than it was on the decision of the Central 661 in 1990, a central character, the resolution ( 661) in essence would be valid under the roof of Chapter VII and the decision of cancellation would be the final event in the series to end the international sanctions.
The new resolution (1957) canceled the decisions that are all under the tutelage of resolution 661, including resolutions 687 and 707 relating to the prohibition of weapons of mass destruction and are stretching to ban civilian nuclear activities, and restrictions on a particular style of armament includes missiles of medium and long term, allowing for Iraq in the near and medium term focus its efforts on the field of peaceful nuclear energy, and benefit from the global technical progress in the areas of energy use that for the purposes of scientific, medical and service activities.
But he urges Iraq to ratify the Additional Protocol to comprehensive safeguards agreement and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test as soon as possible.
It is important in this aspect that the resolution across in his effective political restoration of Iraq practically international community's confidence orientations peaceful, and restore the confidence re-consideration to their inherent right to arms defense on the one hand, and in the peaceful use of the activities of dual-use, including aspects of nuclear, chemical and Albailogip .
The decision to terminate the 1958 international activities arising from the «Oil for Food», which was approved in 1995 under the umbrella of the UN resolution number 986.
But it (the resolution) will allow the Secretary General of the United Nations to keep the amount of $ 131 million until the end of the year 2016 to provide compensation to the United Nations and its employees, agents and contracting companies.
Also, the resolution which will allow Iraq to hand over the money available to the United Nations under the umbrella of the «Oil for Food» authorized the Secretary-General to maintain a $ 20 million until the end of 2016 to secure the end of the program.
According to specialists in this aspect that ending the era of the «Oil for Food», which was plagued with charges of massive corruption over the past years, reveals the true extent of the privileges granted to the commercial networks, financial and international management on the implementation of this program from the funds of Iraq.
Turn the page on the «Oil for Food» arrange on Iraq in contrast, the reported statement of the President of the Security Council on the need to invest money for the transparent and equitable distribution of wealth.
تجزئة القرار 1483 Fragmentation of resolution 1483
And resolution 1956, is the most central to the mobility of the UN Security Council as the last issues that were and continue stuck in the waiting steps taken by Iraq to end it.
Preamble of the resolution focused on the importance of restoring Iraq's international status before the year 1990, and that an important step in terms of the relationship between Iraq and the international organization, according to observers who believe that the Security Council focused on the issues of legal side by side with the procedural issues, which gave responsibility Stadium Iraq at this time .
The decision part of UN Resolution 1483 in 2003 to two-fold:
First: It is paragraph 20 and paragraph 22 and paragraph 24 and paragraph 27 which all related to the filing of all revenues from oil and natural gas sold by Iraq in the «Development Fund for Iraq».
The second: is paragraph 21 which provides for the filing of Iraq, 5 percent of revenues for the Compensation Fund.
And analysis of the paragraphs of resolution 1483 was the ideal solution, as experts in international law, because its composition is inherently provides a shortcut to the status of all exports from Iraq's oil and gas under the international trusteeship to ensure payment of 5 percent of those proceeds to the Compensation Fund established in accordance with resolution 687 in 1991, which go mostly to Kuwaiti reparations.
The Security Council decided on the cancellation of paragraphs related to paragraph 20 of resolution through the liquidation of the Development Fund for Iraq no later than June 30 (June) 2011, and decided on the other hand to keep the requirements of paragraph 21, but he implied to the efforts on Iraq made in this regard by providing a mechanism for the payment of compensation after the Development Fund for Iraq, no later than May 1 (May) of 2011.
The point articulated left by the resolution open to Iraq about the way to end the arrangements will be followed by Chapter VII of the whole, a positive signal on the standard «confidence» recovered by the sovereign Iraq in the fields, which has been under the influence of those decisions for decades.
Although the reference to the situation between Iraq and Kuwait was not included in the text of the decision, but the clarification statement the Security Council president was explicit in calling on Iraq to fulfill the «fast» its obligations in relation to the situation between Iraq and Kuwait, according to the relevant international resolutions.
Such a reference, which provided also to encourage both countries to further cooperation, and placed in front of Iraq's dual mission related to the closure of the file of compensation by using the policy of a wise and calm and within the neighboring historic between the two countries, as well as access to large-scale initiatives allow the transition from stage to pay bills to the stage of joint cooperation and constructive.
This view, Iraq has already being mentioned in the course of the proposed solutions such as the transfer of compensation to the investment and expand trade, steps need to be diplomatic, social and cultural nature Ttabiei turn the page on the painful past between the two brotherly peoples.
And during the arrangements on Iraq addressed in order to protect his money deposited in U.S. banks of the lawsuit filed by companies and individuals against the backdrop of the invasion in 1990, the solution also appeared to end a page of international sanctions fully its consequences of economic and legal persons in charge of Iraq over the past two decades, concentrated this time in the politics and diplomacy, not in money management.
The approach of the Iraqi Iraqi foreign policy toward file Kuwaiti was marred by some mistakes after 2003, resulted in most of the modern political experiment in Iraq, but experience has begun to take root and gain international confidence is enshrined in United Nations resolutions last, and that experience is supposed to invest in the bilateral relations and regional and international as a field exceeding the basic pattern is certainly a failed foreign policy produced by the phase of the dictatorship.
Security Council gave a ball in the court of the Iraqis themselves, a formula that requires more efforts to translate into effective action vocabulary.
Can be inferred on the importance of the steps that lead to Iraq taken in the field of foreign policy during the reaction Kuwaiti welcome international resolutions, which looks forward to Iraq's cooperation to proceed with the completion of the other files in the head maintenance project marks the border between the two countries and reveal the fate of prisoners and missing persons, and re-Archive national levels.
As may be noted carefully to declare Kuwait is ready to assist Iraq in meeting all these obligations in order to reach out of Chapter VII of the final and decisive.
