Some say that imitation is the highest form of flattery, but others have called it envy or jealousy which stems from insecurity and is associated with lack of love as a child and/or jealousy of a sibling ~ Definition and explanations of Envy/Jealousy ~
ENVY:
Aristotle (in Rhetoric) defined envy (phthonos) "as the pain caused by the good fortune of others",[10][11] while Kant defined it as "a reluctance to see our own well-being overshadowed by another's because the standard we use to see how well off we are is not the intrinsic worth of our own well-being but how it compares with that of others" (in Metaphysics of Morals). In Buddhism the third of the four divine abidings is mudita, taking joy in the good fortune of another. This virtue is considered the antidote to envy and the opposite of schadenfreude.
Envy (also called invidiousness) is best defined as an emotion that "occurs when a person lacks another's (perceived) superior quality, achievement, or possession and either desires it or wishes that the other lacked it."[1]
Envy can also derive from a sense of low self-esteem that results from an upward social comparison threatening a person's self image: another person has something that the envier considers to be important to have. If the other person is perceived to be similar to the envier, the aroused envy will be particularly intense, because it signals to the envier that it just as well could have been he or she who had the desired object.[2][3]
Bertrand Russell said envy was one of the most potent causes of unhappiness.[4] It is a universal and most unfortunate aspect of human nature because not only is the envious person rendered unhappy by his envy, but also wishes to inflict misfortune on others. Although envy is generally seen as something negative, Russell also believed that envy was a driving force behind the movement towards democracy and must be endured in order to achieve a more just social system.[5]
and:
Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder are often envious of others or believe others are envious of him or her.[6]
and:
"Envy" and "jealousy" are often used interchangeably, but in correct usage, they stand for two different distinct emotions.
Envy (also called invidiousness) is best defined as an emotion that "occurs when a person lacks another's (perceived) superior quality, achievement, or possession and either desires it or wishes that the other lacked it."[1]
Envy can also derive from a sense of low self-esteem that results from an upward social comparison threatening a person's self image: another person has something that the envier considers to be important to have. If the other person is perceived to be similar to the envier, the aroused envy will be particularly intense, because it signals to the envier that it just as well could have been he or she who had the desired object.[2][3]
Bertrand Russell said envy was one of the most potent causes of unhappiness.[4] It is a universal and most unfortunate aspect of human nature because not only is the envious person rendered unhappy by his envy, but also wishes to inflict misfortune on others. Although envy is generally seen as something negative, Russell also believed that envy was a driving force behind the movement towards democracy and must be endured in order to achieve a more just social system.[5]
and:
Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder are often envious of others or believe others are envious of him or her.[6]
and:
"Envy" and "jealousy" are often used interchangeably, but in correct usage, they stand for two different distinct emotions.
In proper usage, jealousy is the fear of losing something that one possesses to another person (a loved one in the prototypical form), while envy is the pain or frustration caused by another person having something that one does not have oneself.
Envy typically involves two people, and jealousy typically involves three people. It is possible to be envious at more than one individual at any given time. Usually envy involves wanting the beauty, wealth, or socioeconomic status of another individual.
Envy and jealousy result from different situations and are distinct emotional experiences.[7]
Both envy and jealousy are etymologically related to schadenfreude, the rejoicing at, or taking joy in, or getting pleasure from the misfortunes of others.
[8][9]
And Religion:
Envy is one of the Seven deadly sins of the Christian Church. The Book of Exodus [Exo 20:17] states: "You shall not covet your neighbor house; you shall not covet your neighbor wife, or male or female slave, or ox, or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor."
In Islam, envy (Hassad in Arabic) can destroy one's good deeds.
Therefore, one must be content with what God has given to them by saying Maashallah (God has willed it).
The experience of envy involves:
*Feelings of inferiority
*Longing
*Resentment of circumstances
*Ill will towards envied person often accompanied by guilt about these feelings
*Motivation to improve
*Desire to possess the attractive rival's qualities
*Disapproval of feelings
JEALOUSY:
*Longing
*Resentment of circumstances
*Ill will towards envied person often accompanied by guilt about these feelings
*Motivation to improve
*Desire to possess the attractive rival's qualities
*Disapproval of feelings
JEALOUSY:
Jealousy is an emotion and typically refers to the negative thoughts and feelings of insecurity, fear, and anxiety over an anticipated loss of something that the person values, such as a relationship, friendship, or love. Jealousy often consists of a combination of emotions such as anger, sadness, and disgust. It is not to be confused with envy.
Jealousy is a familiar experience in human relationships. It has been observed in infants five months and older.[1][2][3][4] Some claim that jealousy is seen in every culture;[5][6][7] however, others claim jealousy is a culture-specific phenomenon.[8]
Jealousy as an emotion or the impact of jealousy has been a theme of many novels, songs, poems, films and other artistic works. It has also been a topic of interest for scientists, artists, and theologians.
Psychologists have proposed several models of the processes underlying jealousy and have identified factors that result in jealousy.
Sociologists have demonstrated that cultural beliefs and values play an important role in determining what triggers jealousy and what constitutes socially acceptable expressions of jealousy.
Biologists have identified factors that may unconsciously influence the expression of jealousy. Artists have explored the theme of jealousy in photographs, paintings, movies, songs, plays, poems, and books.
Theologians have offered religious views of jealousy based on the scriptures of their respective faiths.
The experience of jealousy involves:
*Fear of loss
*Suspicion or anger about betrayal
*Low self-esteem and sadness over loss
*Uncertainty and loneliness
*Fear of losing an important person to an attractive other
*Distrust
*Fear of loss
*Suspicion or anger about betrayal
*Low self-esteem and sadness over loss
*Uncertainty and loneliness
*Fear of losing an important person to an attractive other
*Distrust
