Noun - Misinformation
1. misinformation - information that is incorrect
disinformation - misinformation that is deliberately disseminated in order to influence or confuse rivals (foreign enemies or business competitors, etc.)
2. misinformationfalse information, gossip, disinformation, misleading information, false rumour., bum steer (U.S. informal) This was a deliberate piece of misinformation._____
The "misinformation effect" is a memory bias that occurs when misinformation affects people's reports of their own memory. Attention spans and memory spans are limited.
Many times misinformation is spread because of a person's memory or lack of memory. Often times misinformation is unintentionally relayed and can be attributed to lack of memory or short term memory. Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time.
The duration of short-term memory (when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented) is believed to be in the order of seconds. Estimates of short-term memory capacity limits vary from about 4 to about 9 items, depending upon the experimental design used to estimate capacity. A commonly-cited capacity is 7±2 elements. In contrast, long-term memory indefinitely stores a seemingly unlimited amount of information.
Short-term memory should be distinguished from working memory which refers to structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information.
Amnesia, the inability to learn new facts and episodes. Some with a form of amnesia, have intact ability to retain small amounts of information over short time scales (up to 30 seconds) but are dramatically impaired in their ability to form longer-term memories. This is interpreted as showing that the short-term store is spared from amnesia.
Capacity of short-term memory span
Whatever the cause or causes of forgetting over the short term may be, there is consensus that it severely limits the amount of new information that some can retain over brief periods of time. This limit is referred to as the finite capacity of short-term memory. The capacity of short-term memory is often called memory span, in reference to a common procedure of measuring it. In a memory span test, someone who is defined as "memory deficient" can be tested by presenting a list of items (e.g. digits or words) of increasing length. An individual's span is determined as the longest list length that he or she can recall correctly in the given order. Those with limited attention spans sometimes add items to the list which were not on the list. This behavior where false fact (item) with real fact (no item) is shown without being able to decipher what was on the list and what was not. This behavior can be seen when information is presented by a "memory deficient" person presenting misinformation or disinformation and believing it to be otherwise.
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